The best joining is accomplished with adhesives, in conjunction with screws, nails or other fasteners. A few of the more common types of adhesives include:
Polyvinyl (carpenter's wood glue). This is a white, creamy glue, usually available in convenient plastic bottles. Mainly used for furniture, craft or woodworking projects, polyvinyl sets in an hour, dries clear and won't stain. However, it is vulnerable to moisture.
Resorcinol and formaldehyde. These are mixed just prior to using and can be used two to four hours after mixing, but must be used at temperatures over 70 degrees F. Both the resin (powdered resorcinol) and the powdered formaldehyde that you mix with water are brown and will stain light wood. Follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully.
Contact cements. These are used to bond veneers or to bond plastic laminates to wood for table tops and counters. Coat both surfaces thinly and allow to dry somewhat before bonding. Align the surfaces perfectly before pressing together, since this adhesive does not pull apart. Use in a well-ventilated area.
Epoxy. Epoxy is the only adhesive with a strength greater than the material it bonds. It resists almost anything from water to solvents. Epoxy can be used to fill cavities that would otherwise be difficult to bond. Use it in warm temperatures, but read the manufacturer's instructions carefully, since drying times vary and mixing the resin and hardener must be exact.
Tips on Bonding
- With the exception of epoxy, too much adhesive will weaken the hold of the materials you are bonding.
- Rough up smooth surfaces slightly before applying adhesives so they will grip more securely.
- Apply a thin coat of glue, clamp securely, and allow to dry the recommended amount of time.
- Wipe away excess glue immediately after clamping.
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